Interferon – γ, Trumpet Call of the Immune System

When the body first notices that its cells have been infected by bacteria, a virus, or are not functioning properly, natural killer cells (a type of immune cell) are the first to respond. Although, natural killer are efficient at eliminating these types of problematic cells, they often require the help of a more diverse group of specialized immune cells. The way in which natural killer cells recruit other immune cells, is by releasing a signaling molecule known as interferon–γ, or simply IFN-γ. When IFN- γ is released, it acts as an attractant to a large variety of immune cells which can better deal with the situation.
In 2007 a study published in the journal Immunology, demonstrated that oral administration of Agaricus blazei extract could increase IFN-γ production in both live mice and isolated mice tissue.

Some of the Roles of IFN-γ

1. Highlights malfunctioning cells with markers (class 1 MHC molecules that carry antigens) so the immune system can more readily identify and destroy them.
2. Increases antigen presentation to macrophage (increases macrophage’s ability to target newley encountered bacteria and viruses).
3. Increases macrophage’s ability to destory pathogens/unhealthy cells (via increasing lysomal activity).
4. Promotes natural killer cell activity.
5. Acts as a recruiter for other immune cells such as macrophage and cytotoxic T cells.

Reference:
Yuminamochi E, Koike T, Takeda K, Horiuchi I, Okumura K. Interleukin-12- and interferon-gamma-mediated natural killer cell activation by Agaricus blazei Murill. Immunology 2007;121:197-206.